Dickens’ Hard Times: His Penchant for Romantic Principles Essay

Hard Times is a rare example of fiction spun out of very prosaic materials. Yet it possesses certain romantic characteristics of brooding tenderness and deep sympathy for the neglected and the underprivileged which became hall mark of Charles Dickens’ novels. It also displays a grieving melancholy, a mournful reflectiveness and a quantity of self-indulgent sentimentality. The American scholar A. O. Lovejoy argues that â€Å"the word ‘romantic’ has come to mean so many things that, by itself, it means nothing at all. It may seem that repetition has wrung the life out of the term, yet it still appears to be as potentially sustaining as a twist of pemmican. It is a word at once indispensable and useless. F. L. Lucas has counted 11,396 definitions of romanticism. (Cuddon. 767). But we are more concerned with the definition of â€Å"a tendency to exalt the individual and his needs and emphasis on the need for a freer and more personal expression. †(Cuddon. 769-70) The entire novel in three parts is built up on the romantic and nature imagery of sowing reaping and garnering of harvest. It is an illustration of the biblical saying â€Å"As you sow, so your reap. † The first book of â€Å"sowing† begins with the seeds of wrong education by Mr. Thomas Gradgrind: â€Å"In this life, we want nothing but Facts, sir; nothing but Facts! † (Hard Times. 3) But as the story develops, we find that it is this education of hard facts which runs riot and destroys the happiness of his own children, Tom and Louisa. Dickens creates a poignant novel out of misplaced affections and social exploitations. Ironically, his son and daughter, Tom and Louisa, are misled by their father’s unimaginative education. They get along with the wretched Sissy Jupe, the daughter of a poor circus worker and suffer at the hands of the hard-hearted school master. Sissy is forced by circumstances to leave school and work as a household companion to Tom and Louisa who prefer the world of imagination so vehemently denounced by their father. Louisa’s first blunder is to run into an incompatible marriage with a man of fifty when she is just eighteen. It turns out to be a marriage of convenience with a highbrow aristocrat named Joshia Bounderby who unabashedly declares: â€Å"I have watched her bringing-up, and I believe she is worthy of me. At the same time – not to deceive you—I believe I am worthy of her. † (Hard Times. 84) The reason for such odd marriage is her brother Tom who seeks a position in Bounderby’s bank. Dickens exposes the hypocrisy behind the veneer of Victorian idealism. Interwoven with it is the sub-plot of unfortunate Mr.  Stephen Blackpool who jumps from the frying pan into the fire by his attempt to run away from his alcoholic wife. His love for Rachel is frustrated as he gets no help from anyone to divorce his wife. Moreover, he is witch hunted for a false charge of robbing the bank which is actually masterminded by than Tom. Throughout the novel Dickens explores the conflict between the world of facts and imagination in children and its effects in their later life, as the New Testament says: â€Å"by their fruits ye shall know them.† (Matthew 7. 20) Being a drop-out Sissy is lucky to have escape Gradgrind’s soul-destroying education and proves its futility. Dickens’ story depicts the suffering of victims, especially women, for whom we feel great sympathy. The underdogs include Sissy and his poor father Mr. Jupe, the unhappy Blackpool and Mrs Pegler. Rachael is romantically attached to Blackpool and spends sleepless night to be with him, but it is an irony of fate that she has to serve Stephen’s sick wife in impoverished lodgings. Like Sissy, she is an angel who lives for others. In Victorian society her relationship with a married man can hardly be expected to be respectable. In a moving speech she reveals her feeling of guilt for her misjudgment. Mrs Gradgrind first carries out her husband’s philosophy only to realize late its folly and advices Louisa to pay heed to Sissy. Mrs. Pegler is another victim of wrong education. Her megalomaniac son, Bounderby, tries to prove how he has succeeded despite his neglected childhood, but his allegations are proved to be false. The romantic interest in the story is sustained in Hard Times by Louisa Gradgrind. Against her father’s warning, she peeps at the circus and comes to her brother’s defense by asserting her curiosity. Because of her immaturity she is exploited by James Harthouse; yet she shows considerable wisdom by being very sensitive to her mother in death bed. Harthouse has his charm of personality, particularly for the people he likes. Mr. Harthouse’s romantic affair with Louisa is marred by the jealousy and suspicion of Mrs Sparsit. Sissy Jupe is associated with the heavenly ‘ray of sunlight’. In spite of the halo, she is down-to-earth and she makes a last attempt to hide Tom in the circus when he is implicated in robbery. It is touching to see her consoling Rachael when she waits for Blackpool. There are also victims of incompatible marriage like Louisa and Bounderby, as well as Blackpool and his drunken wife. Louisa’s marriage is a sacrifice to provide her brother with a job, but he repays this sacrifice with utter ingratitude by robbing the bank that provides him with livelihood. Most of them are victims of wrong education imparted by Thomas Gradgrind’s ‘model school’. Failed marriage is a recurrent theme in Dickens’ novels. In David Copperfield, for example, the marriage with the sweet doll-like Dora crumbles to make way for a sensible marriage with mature Agnes. Dickens himself was romantic like his hero and had an incompatible marriage with Maria which broke up in 1833 when he became free to marry Catherine Hogarth in 1836. Though she bore thirteen children, her marriage broke up in 1858 when Dickens developed a romantic affair with actress Ellen Ternan. Dickens spins a memorable tale out of the sordid industrialized life of nineteenth century England – Coketown with its blackened factories, downtrodden workers and polluted environment. Dickens gives a vivid picture: â€Å"It was a town of red brick, or brick that would have been red if the smoke and ashes had allowed it; but as matters stood it was a town of unnatural red and black like the painted face of a savage. .. It has a black canal in it, and a river that ran purple with ill-smelling dye, and vast piles of building full of windows where there was a rattling and trembling all day long..†(Hard Times. 18) His concern for Nature being substituted by man-made machines is expressed in no uncertain terms: â€Å"A special contrast, as every man was in the forest of looms where Stephen worked, to the crashing, smashing, tearing piece of mechanism at which he laboured. Never fear, good people of an anxious turn of mind, that Art will consign Nature to oblivion. † (Hard Times. 54) This horrid picture of an industrialized town presupposes a romantic nostalgia for the natural beauty of the pre-industrialized era. The plot of Hard Times hinges on the ‘stick-to-hard-facts’ education imparted by Mr.  Gradgrind: â€Å"Herein lay the spring of the mechanical art and mystery of educating the reason without stooping to the cultivation of the sentiments and affections. Never wonder. †(Hard Times. 39) But his philosophy is defeated by his own children who secretly wondered â€Å"about human nature, human passions, human hopes and fears, the struggles, triumphs and defeats, the cares and joys and sorrows, the lives of death of common men and women! †(Hard Times. 39) Herein lies dickens’ romanticism – the triumph of the mind over matter.

Research Paper on Fast Food Essay

1. 1 INTRODUCTION Fast food is generally food or a meal which is pre-prepared, or which can be quickly cooked when you order it. You can buy fast food almost anywhere. Although fast food trend is quite new in Pakistan yet it is growing very fast, this indicate that such type of fast food restaurant have a very bright future in Pakistan . The two major fast food restaurants that have their outlets in the whole world, are giving tough competition to each other in Pakistan. Our research is based on the hypothesis that why people in Pakistan prefer KFC over Macdonald and we found that due to good quality and taste of food people prefer KFC . When KFC was introduced in Pakistan the prices was not affordable by people but now they have lower their prices. One reason was also the impressive packages due to which people prefer KFC over McDonald’s. While conducting our research we also came to know that KFC is more advertised this is one of the reasons that people prefer KFC over McDonald’s. We are going to discuss all of this in our research. 1. 2 HYPOTHESIS KFC is a spot light and McDonald’s is a side show. 1. 3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The trend of fast food is increasing day by day in Pakistan, this research is designed to generate knowledge about fast food restaurant in Pakistan, and hence this research is based upon two leading fast food brands in Pakistan. The main objective is to know that which brand is popular among majority. Which among the two brands is of higher quality. Which brand is more economical . Hence in general we conducted this research because we wanted to know that which brand is preferred and what is the reason behind it. 1. 4 SAMPLING In sampling plan we draw sample, sample is basically a segment of the population selected for research to represent the population as a whole. In our research we targeted people from 18 to 30 . So we approached people who visit KFC and McDonald’s . Our sample size is 40 from the whole population . Our research instrument for collecting primary data is Questionnaire in which we ask twenty questions, all are close ended for accessing people’s preference. 1. 5 METHODOLOGY The empirical analysis of the â€Å"International fast food chains in Pakistan† was based on the primary data collected through personal observations by visiting KFC and McDonald’s located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The data were collected by filling questionnaire during rush hours in the afternoon between 12:00 noon to 2:00 p. m. In all, 40 customers were accounted for during the survey time period in KFC and McDonald’s. The data were collected during the first week of January 2010. 1. 6 LITERATURE REVIEW First we will take into account the history of KFC. The company was founded as Kentucky Fried Chicken by Colonel Harland Sanders in 1952, though the idea of KFC’s fried chicken actually goes back to 1930. The company adopted the abbreviated form of its name in 1991. Perfecting its secret recipe of 11 herbs and spices in 1939, KFC has come a long way. With over 10,000 outlets in the world, KFC has maintained its title, for the last 60 years, of being the chicken Experts. Now we will discuss the history of McDonald . At one time it was the largest global restaurant chain, but it has since been surpassed by multi-brand operator, in the competitor KFC is on top of the list. The business began in 1940, with a restaurant opened by brothers Dick and Mac McDonald in San Bernardino, California. The present corporation dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc, in Des Plaines, Illinois, on April 15, 1955. Now McDonald’s is present in 120 countries with about 32000 outlets. Market entry in Pakistan was not a big problem for KFC as it is a well-known international brand. In that stage they did promoted through their own brand. Their promotion statement was â€Å"KFC in Pakistan†. Opening the first KFC outlet in Gulshan-e- Iqbal in 1997. KFC wore the title of being the market leader in its industry. Serving delicious and hygienic food in a relaxing environment made KFC everyone’s favorite. Since then, KFC has been constantly introducing new products and opening new restaurants for its customers. Presently KFC is branched out in nine major cities of Pakistan (Karachi, Lahore, Gujranwala, Sukkur & Muree) with more than 45 outlets nation-wide. Apart from fulfilling our commitment of serving delicious, fresh and hygienic food and at the same time providing our customer with the ultimate entertainment; KFC also plays in the economics development of our country. Presently KFC has provided to over 1200 Pakistanis, which adds up to 6000 individuals directly dependent in KFC Pakistan. In introduction stage KFC entered the market using market-skimming strategy. Their products were high price and targeted only upper class. Later they introduced packages which were affordable by many people. McDonald’s Pakistan opened its doors in September 1998 at Lahore and presently operating in seven major cities with a network of 20 restaurants. With a strong belief in the Ray Krock phrase when you are green you are growing, McDonald’s Pakistan has an aggressive plan to expand in all other cities of Pakistan and is rapidly growing with the focus to provide friendly and quick service restaurant experience to their customers. Today millions of Pakistanis place their trust in McDonald’s everyday to provide them with food of a very high standard as well as good service. In the past five years, the response to McDonald’s coming to Pakistan has been overwhelming. McDonald’s located in Pakistan are currently employing about 1,000 Pakistanis and each store is managed by Pakistani managers. They have also contributed in other ways than food service. McDonalds has investment of over Rs 300 crore in the country and payment of taxes and duties amounting to more than Rs 100 crore. Since McDonald’s is doing so well in Pakistan they will continue to grow and add more stores in more cities in the future. But in Pakistan McDonald’s is facing a tough competition by KFC. KFC and McDonald’s serve to dominate the fast food business in Pakistan. Both fast food chains serve all their customers effectively, given the different categories and factors that determine the success of restaurants and fast food chains in Pakistan. However, based on the findings of the previous research, it can be perceived that KFC is running a more successful business in Pakistan, compared to the business run by McDonald’s. This was given proof in the article, based on the many and varied responses of customers to surveys, which involve their evaluation of both fast food restaurants, based on a number of factors, namely, food, service, environment, price, convenience, brand, and promotion. In terms of food, although both fast food restaurants almost have the same varieties, certain differences can still be recognized. Both KFC and McDonald’s offer chicken and hamburger meals including snacks, desserts, and drinks. However, only KFC offers a wide range of healthy side dishes, such as mashed potato, carrot muffin, and lotus fresh vegetable side dishes. In this sense, KFC aims to uphold healthy eating and nutrition of their customers. In addition, it has been emphasized in the case study that KFC appeared to have the upper hand over McDonald’s in terms of introducing new products in the market. Most of the new products of KFC, such as its lunch items, suit the tastes of the Pakistani. KFC has also been introducing new products in the market in a regular rate. In terms of environment and service, although both fast food restaurants appeal to their market due to their convenient lighting, cleanliness, music, and decorations, still, KFC serves to have the upper hand over McDonald’s. Based on the survey, more customers are â€Å"Very Satisfied† with the services and environment of KFC over McDonald’s. This is because the waiting time in McDonald’s is too long, compared to KFC. In addition, it can also be perceived that KFC has more advantage than McDonald’s, as the employees in KFC have less time to interact with customers than its counterpart, as the volume of its business is larger. The prices of food offered by both restaurants equally serve each other. However, the food offered by KFC is slightly higher, being able to offer some meals that are not offered by McDonald’s, such as the Family Bucket, Garden Chicken Burger Meal, and Hot & Spicy Wing Meal. Nevertheless, the volume of customers in all given times of day, in both weekdays and weekends is still higher in KFC than in McDonald’s. Given such figures, it can be perceived that more customers prefer KFC to McDonald’s, thus, indicative of the fact that KFC runs a more successful business than its counterpart does. Moreover, the findings of the study indicate â€Å"More low income and high income customers prefer KFC to McDonald’s, while average income customers prefer McDonald’s more than KFC† In this sense, it can be observed that KFC has a wider range of customers compared to McDonald’s, thus, indicating that more customers patronizes KFC. Furthermore, for the finale, the proof that KFC is running a more successful business than McDonald’s is indicated that not just in Pakistan KFC has an upper hand but in all over the world. 1. 7 DELIMITATIONS. The problem which we faced while conducting our research are firstly the people were not very co operative in order to fill our questionnaire and we have to convince them. Another problem was that people were hesitating to fill our questionnaire. 1. 8 DATA COLLECTION Q1) What is your age group? As we have taken our sample between 18-32. So the people who have filled the form have age between 18 to 32. Q2) What is the reason of eating fast food? Q3) How often do you use fast-food services? Q4) What’s your favorite fast food place? Q5) Rate the fast food you have visited the most? (3 being high and 1 being low). Q6) Which one is your favorite meal? Q7) What fast food restaurants do you think is most advertised? Q8) Which fast food chain is in your opinion is more healthy? Q 9) How favorable is your attitude towards the fast food brands you have eaten? (3 being high and 1 being low) Q10) How well the following brands satisfy your needs? (3 being high and 1 being low) Q11) Which brand packaging has an attractive look? (3 being high and 1 being low) Q12) Which fast food restaurant has an eye-catching outlook? Q13) Which brand do you think bring pleasant memory? (3 being high and being low) Q14) Which brand do you think earns pleasant money? Q15) On Average how much would you expect to pay for a fast food meal? Q16) Apart from food which place is more enjoyable? Q17) Which fast food restaurant is more accessible? Q18) Which brand offer deals which have attractive prices? Q19) If you owned your own fast food restaurant, then which fast food restaurant attribute you want to follow-up? 20) Do you think the future of international fast-food chains in Pakistan is bright? 1. 9 DATA ANALYSIS Q1) What is your age group? As we have taken our sample between 18-32. So the people who have filled the form have age between 18 to 32. Q2) what is the reason of eating fast food? The main reason that people eat at fast food restaurants is because they like the taste. Customer wouldn’t keep coming back to a restaurant if the taste of food does not satisfy their tongue. As pie graph shows that 82% prefer taste, 13% prefer convenience and 5% price, hence price and convenience element occupies a very small part of it, only the good taste allows and agree people to spend their money on food. Q3) How often do you use fast-food services? 54% visit once a month 12% visit once a year and once a week. 17% twice a week and 5% visit other time. It looks like most of the people go out and eat fast food once a month. In a close second place people visit fast food restaurants twice a week. So pie graph result shows that people like to eat fast food, but just at different interval of time. Q4) What’s your favorite fast food place? There are tons of different fast food restaurants around the world, but we narrowed down the choices to McDonald’s and KFC. According to the people’s choice 80% people like KFC while only 20% McDonald’s. KFC dominates over McDonald’s, other questions also represent that people are more likely towards KFC services. Q5) Rate the fast food you have visited the most? (3 being high and 1 being low) 62%of the people prefer to visit KFC while only 15% prefer McDonald’s. KFC are the first movers of fast food restaurant in Pakistan hence they have first mover advantage. They were the pioneer of fast food in Pakistan. The position of KFC in the mind of people is very strong. Q6) Which one is your favorite meal? We gave various choices of food offered by both restaurants. We restrict people only to choose one food item which is one of their most favorite According to the result 52% people like KFC chicken and 43%burger and 5% salad. While McDonald’s salads were liked by 45%, 30% burger and 25% chicken pieces. Q7) What fast food restaurants do you think is most advertised? The survey shows a slight difference between the advertisements of both restaurants. As they are leading fast food restaurants in Pakistan so they advertised almost equally to make their roots strong in promoting their service. According to the data 57% people think KFC is more advertised and 43% found McDonald’s is more advertised. Q8) Which fast food chain is in your opinion is more healthy? 67% people think that KFC is healthier. People have positive approach towards KFC because KFC food has less chronic health risks because its meal involves appropriate amount of nutrients. Q9) How favorable is your attitude towards the fast food brands you have eaten? (3 being high and 1 being low) 55% people rated KFC at 3 place, 37% people at second and 8% people at first place. But MacDonald’s result differ 13% people rated KFC at 3 place, 37% people at second and 50% people at first place. As results undoubtedly shows the people have favorable attitude towards KFC. Q10) How well the following brands satisfy your needs? (3 being high and 1 being low) 50% people are fully satisfied with KFC, 40% people satisfied and 10% people are just satisfied. But MacDonald’s result differ 15% people are fully satisfied, 35% people are satisfied and 50% people are just satisfied. Q11) Which brand packaging has an attractive look? (3 being high and 1 being low) In brand packaging McDonald’s took prize over KFC. The surveys result shows that 62%people like McDonald’s packaging style while only 27% people like KFC packaging style. Q12) Which fast food restaurant has an eye-catching outlook? Although in other aspects KFC has surpass McDonald’s but when it comes to the outlook of the restaurant 63% people like the outlook of McDonald’s and only 37% people rated KFC. Q13) Which brand do you think bring pleasant memory? (3 being high and being low) Pleasant memory associated with good environment of the place and taste of the food. After analysis it was found that 60% people’s pleasant memory is associated with KFC. 32% people have KFC. 8% do not have as much pleasant memories as others. Q14) Which brand do you think earns pleasant money? 55% people views show that KFC earns pleasant money. And in a close second place 45%rated McDonald’s. Q15) On Average how much would you expect to pay for a fast food meal? 55% people expect to pay an amount of at least Rs. 500 on fast food meal. 30% agreed on paying Rs. 1000 while only 15% want to spend Rs. 1500. Q16) Apart from food which place is more enjoyable? The popularity of any restaurant is just not dependent upon the taste and price of food but it also depend upon the enjoyable environment which include play area for kids, happy meal and gifts. 52% people consider McDonald’s is more enjoyable but 48% people like the environment of KFC. Q17) Which fast food restaurant is more accessible? The result of this question shows an even split among both options. The increasing trend of fast food leads both restaurant branches to multiply in order to make them easy to get to. 53% people think KFC is more accessible while 47% think that McDonald’s is more accessible. Q18) Which brand offer deals which have attractive prices? The higher percentage of people found the prices of KFC more attractive than McDonald’s. According to the data 55% people found prices of KFC affordable and attractive. While that of 45% found McDonald’s prices smart. Q19) If you owned your own fast food restaurant, then which fast food restaurant Attribute you want to follow-up? The majority results show that KFC has won the race in our fast food survey. It is found that KFC fulfill the needs of its customers to some extent, so considering KFC as their ideal people would like to follow the success tracks of KFC in order to have bright future of their restaurant ahead. 75% people like to follow the attributes of KFC for their own restaurant and only 25% consider McDonald’s as their ideal. Q20) Do you think the future of International fast food chains in Pakistan is bright? Based on people answers, 85%agreed with the statement that the future of international fast-food chains in Pakistan is bright, 5% were not agreed on bright future and 10% people have no idea about this. With today’s hectic lifestyles, time-saving products are increasingly in demand; one of the most obvious examples is fast food. People want quick and convenient meals as a result, consumers rely on fast food . Knowing this, fast food providers are coming up with new ways to market their products that save time for consumers. All that make sense though because that is what â€Å"fast food† is supposed to mean†¦cheap, fast, and tasty. 1. 10 CONCLUSION The conclusion we have drawn after conducting our research is that the problem statement which we consider in our research is confirmed . Our hypothesis that KFC is in spotlight and McDonald’s is a side show was right and people prefer KFC over McDonald’s because of their good quality food and their reasonable price, hence KFC capture a large market than McDonald’s in Pakistan. 1. 11 RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTION After conducting our research we come to a point that about 80% people prefer KFC over McDonald’s here are some suggestions and recommendations to both the brands. Based on our research we suggest that McDonald’s should improve the quality of their food because majority of people found McDonald’s a less healthy option. It was also found that Macdonald’s satisfies the need of people to lesser extent, so McDonald’s should try hard to make up to the expectations of people. It was found by our research that although people prefer KFC over McDonald’s but they found the packing of McDonald’s more attractive than that of KFC, so KFC should work on their packing and make it more attractive. When it comes to outlook of the restaurant, majority of people like the outlook of KFC, so McDonald’s should improve their outlook. It was also found that KFC is better advertised; hence McDonald’s should work to promote their brand in order to capture a large volume of customer. Pakistan is a price sensitive market for many items and competition is intense, so McDonald’s should maintain their price packages. REFERENCES ? Haider Tayyab, KFC McDonald’s Food Quality Comparison, 12, 10, 2002 http://www. bandt. com. au/kfc-macdonald-food-quality-comparison/5d/0c01585d. asp ?Jekanowski Mark, McDonald’s versus KFC who will win, 7,6,2009, http://movementarian. com/2009/06/07/mcdonalds-versus-kfc-who-will-win/ ? Johnson Michel, McDonald’s History, 2,21,2003, http://mcdonalds2. rozee. pk/content. php? lid=TWpJd09BPT0rQQ== ? Keems Jack, KFC and McDonald’s comparison, 11,22,2007 http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m0887/is_11_22/ai_111023412 ? Rehman Hameed, 2005, International Fast Food Chains Statistics, Khabarnama News ? Velazquez Allin, KFC and McDonald’s in Pakistan, 11, 11, 2009, http://ivythesis. typepad. com/term_paper_topics/2009/11/kfc-and-mcdonalds-in-pakistan. html.

A Synopsis of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Hound of the Baskervilles (HOB

A Synopsis of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Hound of the Baskervilles (HOB In Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Hound of the Baskervilles (HOB), Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson are immersed in a setting that appears to transcend the known limits of the physical world. A demoniacal hound roaming the moors of Devonshire is rumored to have been responsible for the death of the affluent Sir Charles Baskerville. Dr. Mortimer, a family friend, is left no choice but to recruit the renowned detective and his partner to investigate the case. The narrative, recounted through Dr. Watson’s perspective, soon abandons the familiarity of Baker Street in exchange for the ghastliness of Baskerville Hall and its vicinity. Upon Watson’s arrival, Dartmoor proves to be every bit as ominous as it was hyped up to be. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses the valuable tool of location throughout to leave open the possibility that there are crimes beyond the scope of rational analysis. The setting first asserts itself when, in the midst of presenting the details of the case to Holmes, Dr. Mortimer reads aloud the myth of the Baskerville curse. One could have easily mistaken the piece for an excerpt from a Gothic novel, for it is ridden with the genre’s elements. The reader learns Hugo Baskerville of Baskerville Manor ruthlessly abducted the daughter of a yeoman. After she attempted to escape from the chamber upstairs one night, Baskerville and others chased her onto the moor. Eventually, she and Hugo were both found dead. Beside the body of the latter was, to the astonishment of the other men, â€Å"a great, black beast, shaped like a hound, yet larger than any hound that ever mortal eye has rested upon† (Doyle 9). The linkage between the plot and setting of the myth is important. As mentioned, they are both rooted in Gothic tradition and thus play off each other. The somber estate and the damsel in distress are both common elements of Gothic fiction. The degree to which Baskerville is alleged to have been infatuated with her is also indicative of the genre. Furthermore, the hound that lurks at night and the dark moor it inhabits are intentionally portrayed as demonic and supernatural, inviting the possibility that the â€Å"Father of Evil† may very well be Sir Charles’ assailant. Holmes—the embodiment of the Enlightenment—is, notably, more skeptical than the others, but even he does not completely rule out the chance that â€Å"forces outside the ordinary laws of Nature† may be at work (19). Additionally, the gloomy, Gothic setting established in the exposition matches the description Watson later gives of Dartmoor when he and Sir Charles actually arrive there. Suddenly, it seems less likely that the mystery is capable of being solved in the physical world through deductive reasoning. The great Grimpen Mire, capable of sinking one in its depths, evolves into a grisly metaphor for the mystery itself. Not coincidentally, it is navigable only by the naturalist Mr. Stapleton—the perpetrator of the crime—and eventually found to be the location of the hound’s fortress. Watson, after observing the mire’s capabilities, says, â€Å"Life has become like that great Grimpen Mire, with little green patches everywhere into which one may sink and with no guide to point the track† (54). This comparison expresses the imminent danger and apparent hopelessness of their predicament, which contributes to the suspense of the Gothic atmosphere. It also portrays Watson as an ill-equipped assistant in the absence of Holmes’ analytical mind. One could imagine that Doyle added in this additional component specifically to evoke despair. How will Watson alone—a mere mortal—be able to solve a murder as complex as this one? The presumption that the case is ultimately out of Holmes’ and Watson’s control again seems feasible toward the end of the story, when a blinding fog threatens the plan the former had concocted to lure the hound out onto the moor. Using Sir Henry—the heir to Baskerville Hall—as bait, Holmes, Watson, and Lestrade wait anxiously behind a series of rocks for the hound to appear. When the fog begins to engulf the moor, Holmes observes, â€Å"If he isn’t out in a quarter of an hour the path will be covered. In half an hour we won’t be able to see our hands in front of us† (111). Fog has traditionally been interpreted as a metaphor for confusion. If it had prevented the hound from being caught, the beast’s nature and other pertinent information would also remain clouded. But perhaps just as importantly, Sir Henry would almost certainly meet his doom if no one could get a clear shot on the hound. This adds yet another Gothic twist to t he climax, and the case—for one last time—seems as if it may be out of Holmes’ grasp. HOB deviates from the typical Sherlock Holmes mystery. Setting is imperative in creating the illusion of a world that would render even the elite detective powerless. As later affirmed, however, a supernatural world is merely a world not yet understood. Though complex, the physical world—at its core—is an orderly, comprehensible place if analyzed rationally. The eventual unmasking of Stapleton and demystification of the hound are testaments to this. But before that happens, the reader is, albeit temporarily, fooled into thinking HOB is a full-fledged Gothic novel. For the sake of creating a believable work, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle abandons this, just as Holmes and Watson return to a natural explanation for phenomena after shortly contemplating a supernatural one.

Sir William Blackstone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sir William Blackstone - Essay Example Another strength of William Blackstone is depicted in the style he wrote the Commentaries. The Commentaries exhibit great simplicity, elegance, and clarity, especially in the language that was used to write it. The literary qualities employed are considered high, as well as the aspect of flattery on the side of public prejudices. For this reason, William Blackstone’s work had a great influence in England. This was accepted by the public and authorities in England as a revelation of the law that was highly authoritative. This served the same purpose to the educated class of England, as that of the publications of the previously unknown Roman laws to the Romans. Today, most of the English people still consider the criticism of William Blackstone of the English constitution, as a major political conviction.To a larger extent, Sir William Blackstone had considerable weaknesses, which became a basis for his critics. First, Blackstone is considered to have had only a vague grasp of the basic conceptions of law. This is evident in his regard for the English law during his time. His perception of municipal laws was also highly questionable. He is also considered not to have a proper conception of the technical terms of the Roman law, owing to his distinction between the rights that pertain to people and those that pertain to things. Although William Blackstone did not perform only the work that pertains to a legal commentator, he failed to address some important aspects in the social realm.

Contract management and contract law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Contract management and contract law - Essay Example In a capitalist world, the law of contract essentially forms a major portion of the society we live in. It is the realm of deliberate agreement and collaboration, to be more specific, contract deals with the activities like exchange and bargain. The purpose of the act of Contracts is to create possibilities, or to assist this action. It helps two or more parties in the function of arranging for the future plans by shielding the anticipations that take place from the process of bargaining. In the process of forming a contract the parties require a lawfulstructure which will provide them with a conventional, consistent, steadyfoundation for theconcealedcategorization of their affairs. Agreements between two or more parties turn into a contract with the intervention of law. A legal contract comprises of five essential elements without which the contract is referred to as invalid. In the following sections we will discuss the various scenarios related to the benefit of the procuring part y as well as we will discuss about the Sale of Goods Act, INCOTERMS and the transfer of risk to the supplier from the viewpoint of the UK Contract Act. Answer 1 The procurement process in my organization must make sure that the five vital tenets of contract are met while entering into a contract with other parties. The five tenets of contract are- 1. Offer- Offer and acceptance are the essential elements of a contract. Before going in depth of the definition of offer and acceptance, let us first recognize the parties involved in the framework of offer and acceptance. ... The five tenets of contract are- 1. Offer- Offer and acceptance are the essential elements of a contract. Before going in depth of the definition of offer and acceptance, let us first recognize the parties involved in the framework of offer and acceptance. The structure of offer and acceptance involves an offeror who puts forth the offer and an offeree, to whom the offer has been made by the offeror. Thus now we can look at the definition of the offer and acceptance framework, which states that an offer is a statement or proposal by an offeror to an offeree with an intention to make lawful relations. An offer cannot be considered simply as an incitement to negotiate or bargain. To make the communication effectual and complete, the offer must be received and accepted by the offeree. In a buying and selling contract, to make an offer legitimate, the following aspects must be clearly defined: Who is the offeror? Who is the offeree? What is the consideration? What is the area under discu ssion of the offer? How many central themes does the offer entail (quantity)? Any communication would be considered as an offer if it signifies the expression on which the person making the offer is ready to create a contract (like setting the price of a product intended to be sold), and provides a clear hint that the offeror wishes to abide by the terms if those are acknowledged by the offeree. Offer can also be made to the general public, for example a marketer offering discount to the people visiting his shop. This kind of offer is generally known as unilateral offer where the offer is addressed to a large number of people and their actions indicate their acceptance of the

Journal Entry, topic novel 'The Feast of Love-by Charles Baxter' Essay

Journal Entry, topic novel 'The Feast of Love-by Charles Baxter' - Essay Example Some couples feel love is best expressed by living a traditional lifestyle. Society’s concept of love begins with a perfect family consisting of two parents, children, a white picket fence and a dog. Mothers and Fathers stay together, raising their children. Some couples lives this way happily. The Feast of Love depicts a couple who took this approach. The Ginsbergs raised three children, bought a house and were content to spend their golden years with each other. Both of the Ginsbergs are also Jewish. Even thought they aren’t practicing Jews, their heritage plays a big role in making them fit together. This idea of love fit them. When couples cannot agree on love, divorce becomes the answer. Bradley, the Ginsbergs’ neighbor, was not married once, but twice. Bradley married his first wife with the belief that love was between a man and a woman. He never dreamed that Kathryn would leave him for another woman. Kathryn thought if she married Bradley, he would love her the way she needed. When she realized that Bradley couldn’t love her enough, that no man could, Kathryn started noticing women. Kathryn found her love could exist with another woman. Some lovers believe commitment is not a necessary part of love. Bradley’s second wife, Diana, felt this way. She had a long running affair with a married man named David. When she met Bradley and started dating him, Diana felt no need to give David up. She even saw David after she had accepted Bradley’s proposal. Although Diana avoided David during the couple of months she was married, she never totally put him out of her mind. Though David was still married after her divorce, Diana went right back to him. Marriage was not sacred to her. Being with the person she loved was more important than a piece of paper. Marriage is not a part of love for some people. After Bradley’s two marriages failed, he didn’t really want to go down

Opposition for The NHGRA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Opposition for The NHGRA - Research Paper Example It discloses that the Native Hawaiians have been conferred with the right to reorganize their local governing entity that could work for their common welfare (Aleksandra, p1). The bill has been regarded a controversial legislation that appears to be a center point for hot debates for last years. Most of the Republicans voted against the bill including the Republican governor Linda Lingle expressed the reservations against the bill. Lingle pointed out that there are many unbelievable and impractical amendments included in the law. Two congressmen Doc Hastings and Tom McClintock also opposed the bill and registered their opposition to the passing of the amendment to NGHRA (Duncan, p4). The opponents of the bill took the stance that they do not regard Congress as authority to reorganize people of different ethnicities and races into different sovereign nations especially when the community has no history of separate self-governance. There is an important point raised by the opposing congressmen that the creation of such independent entity would not be in long-term favor of the country because it will set an example for the other ethnic groups and nations and will encourage them to demand similar treatment. They opposed the bill also because it establishes a government on a racial basis (Joshua, p1). The congressmen have expressed their reservations regarding the amendments of the bill as they have observed several flaws in the bill. They also claim that it is a racist bill that poses serious threats to Americans as well as Hawaiians because it takes away the property rights from the Hawaiians and their legal heirs and singles out them on the basis of their origin. It has been demonstrated that the Hawaiian government will have complete sovereignty including ordinary tort and contract lawsuit but this move is not in favor of the people of Hawaii. The bill divides the people of a nation on the basis of their race and accord and bestows different rights.

Violence cannot be properly understood if it is approached as an Essay - 1

Violence cannot be properly understood if it is approached as an evolutionary aspect of human nature'. Discuss - Essay Example It is therefore pretty correct to state that violence is the basis of a number of human-related problems which have come about of age, and that too have lingered on in the longest time. What needs to be understood is the proper role of violence within the midst of human comprehension because it shall make the good and the bad souls within any society get the hang of how things shape up within violent realms. This paper discusses the basis of violence and how it is dealt within an evolutionary aspect of human nature or the lack thereof. It is important that violence is understood exactly in the way it should be done. How violence comes of age here is the fact that its repercussions are varied on the people and it is manifested in a number of different ways. What remains significant is the fact that it is something which is abhorred in essence. The element of hatred with regards to violence is because no one appreciates its incorporation within his/her life. There is immense negativity that comes in the way of violence and quite rightly so. Since the domains of violence are now being seen as elements of extreme disruption, people usually understand the related dictums more than ever. This is because violence brings about destruction and problems for all and sundry, creating a sense of negative upheaval within any society of the world where the aspect of violence is on the rise (Wrangham, 1997). How human beings decipher the notion of violence is understood differently because the people who are close to such levels believe that it is something drastic and could easily destruct the basis of not only their own lives but the ones around them as well. It is indeed an inherent feeling within the people all over the world that violence can ransack their peace, destruct the basis of their tranquility and turn their serene environments into wrath-filled zones. More than anything else, violence is something that is a definitive no-no from all sides and should always be ke pt at a safe distance from the lives of the commoners. Whether or not human beings are intrinsically violent in their regimes is an unsubstantiated feeling. This is because many people are of the view that there are aggressive individuals spread all around them but whether they possess the violent streak in them is something that needs to be understood in the most proper sense. Violence can be a part of an individual’s personality but it might not be a vital facet within his own domains. People are of the view that violence is usually something that creates anarchy within the society, though not in a fast-paced way. It does create anarchy of sorts because it is an element which stirs up emotions and sentiments, all of which are deemed in a negative fashion. The evolution of human beings is such that violence can affect or literally break their basis. It is something that makes them think and thus find out ways which can deal with the foundation of violence in the first place (Ferguson, 2004). There have been critical views regarding the essence of violence creeping into the different societies of the world. It is yet to be established whether or not violence is the root cause of many a problem within the national regimes, and more so in an area to area basis. This is because locals

Halifax Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Halifax - Case Study Example Correspondingly, proper planning becomes quite crucial to ensure the sustainability of the tourism sector. Planning in the tourism sector can be done in various different levels including the national and the local level among the prime. In these different levels, concerned authorities in tourism destination involve in the process of development of individual sectors along with enhancing the prevailing services and facilities among others. This is done with the intention to structure the destination as per the needs and demands of the potential visitors (Angelfire, 2014). Contextually, this particular discussion will mainly intend to present and determine pertinent plans for Halifax Canada as a tourism destination that can facilitate to attract utmost level of global visitors. Halifax is one of the most renowned cities of Canada which has places and features that can encourage people to visit the same. This particular tourism planning report will mainly intend to evaluate the destina tion i.e. Halifax in order to identify its resources of tourism along with a few of the other attributes that are vital to attract tourists. The goals of the tourism authority of Halifax are to present the place as one of the best tourism destination of the Canada. The sector is quite beneficial for the economy growth of the place and the authorities intends to assure maximum efficacy in the same so that positive results can be ascertained. Contextually, the planning of the concerned authorities include assuring utmost development and sustainability of the tourism sector of Halifax and attract potential visitors towards the place and gain positive experience in their leisure time (Nova Scotia, 2011). It has been noted that there are certain features of a particular destination that attract people to visit the same and spend their leisure time. Contextually, the place i.e. Halifax has certain environmental attributes along with

Why did Muslims fight each other during the first century of Islam Essay

Why did Muslims fight each other during the first century of Islam (seventh century C.E.), and how did they justify it - Essay Example They were easily turned against each other with the help of false rumors spread by troublemakers which indicates that they lacked that brotherhood and harmony for which Islam was popular in the life of Prophet Muhammad. The Battle of Jamal or Battle of the Camel is a very important example of tension between the Muslims during the first century of Islam. This is probably the most notable and unfortunate war of the 7th century and took place in 656 at Basra, Iraq. The Muslims fought among themselves in this war due to false allegations promoted by Kharijites (Lapidus 66). Kharijites were former Muslims who gained prominence in Iraq in the late 7th century. They first supported the leadership of Imam Ali and went on to reject it later. They were not happy with the authority of Imam Ali and secretly resented him. When Imam Usman, the third Caliph, was assassinated at the hands of the rebels sent from Egypt to Medina, rumors spread that the murder happened on instruction of Imam Ali. Some historical sources also suggest that Imam Usman’s burial was not attended by Imam Ali which is a factor that might have worked to reinforce the rumors (Lapidus 65). His untimely death remained unavenged under l eadership of Imam Ali who became the fourth Caliph of Islam. This factor coupled with rumors spread by Kharijites about Imam Ali worked to hugely anger Prophet Muhammad’s wife Aisha (Lapidus 66). So, she gathered a large number of Muslims to overthrow Imam Ali’s caliphate and his supporters. The Muslims stood against each other in this war which led to death of a large percentage of Muslims. This war was started by Aisha because the killers of Imam Usman were not arrested. She was also against the appointment of Ali as the fourth Caliph. Imam Ali’s supporters were also extremists and did not try to negotiate affairs. There was a lot of bloodshed as Aisha and her supporters were defeated and Muslims fought Muslims for the first time in this war. The

Social Anomie Essay Example for Free

Social Anomie Essay Introduction This essay is going to discuss the anomie theory by trying to define it. It will then look at Durkheim’s and Merton’s view of anomie and the difference between the two. It will look at culturally defined goals and the generally acceptable modes of achieving these goals and the creation of Merton’s typology of adaption’s as to how people respond to the disjunction of goals and means to achieve such goals. This paper will then examine social anomie in South Africa; racial differences in social anomie and whether the socio economic inequalities between races help to explain these differences; the possible relations between race, social inequality and anomie. Anomie is the social instability caused by the erosion of standards and values. It is alienation and purposelessness experienced by a person or a class of persons as a result of lack of standards, values or ideals, (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/anomie-2013-09-16). The concept thus refers to the absence of clear social norms and values and to a lack of sense of social regulation. Merton focused on features of relative deprivation that cause anomie and Durkheim was interested in the link between rapid social change and social anomie, (Huschka Mau, 2006). Durkheim’s and Merton’s view of anomie. The difference between the two. Durkheim’s conceptualization of anomie is based on a general assumption about the psychological or biological nature of individual human beings. He wrote that that the human â€Å"capacity or feeling is in itself an insatiable and bottomless abyss† ( 1951: 247). From his point of view, individual happiness and wellbeing depend on the ability of society to impose external limits on the potentially limitless passions and appetites that characterise human nature in general. Human desires are left unchecked and unbounded- the individual â€Å"aspires to everything and is satisfied with nothing† (19951:21). Thus the concept of anomie is used by Durkheim to explain a variety of facts. Merton was primarily concerned with the disjunction between culturally devised goals and accepted means of achieving these ends, according to Merton’s theory it was the inability of groups to atta in socially valued goals that caused anomie (Huschka Mau, 469, 2006). Therefore Merton’s conception of anomie â€Å"refers to the lack of means to accomplish determined goals† (Tsahuridu, 2009). Merton bases his theory on sociological assumptions about human nature. Merton replaces Durkheim’s conception of insatiable passions and appetites with the assumption that human needs and desires are primarily the product of a social process that is cultural socialization (Merton, 672, 1957). Culturally defined goals and the generally acceptable modes of achieving these goals and how do people respond to the disjunction of goals and means to achieve such goals. Durkheim wrote that No living being can be happy or even exist unless his needs are sufficiently proportioned to his means. In other words, if his needs require more than can be granted, or even merely something of a different sort, they will be under continual friction and can only function painfully. Movements incapable of production without pain tend not be reproduced. Unsatisfied tendencies atrophy, and as the impulse to live is merely the result of all the rest, it is bound to weaken as others relax. (246:1951) Merton on the other hand felt that in order for a society to be socially integrative there must be a balance between aspirations and means to fulfil such aspirations and that a balance occurs as long as the individual feels that he or she is achieving the culturally desired goal by conforming to the institutionally accepted mode of doing so (Huschka Mau, 469, 2006). Merton believed that every social group invariably couples its scale of desired ends with moral or institutional regulation of permissible and required procedures for attaining these ends but also however felt that moral imperatives and regulatory norms do not necessarily coincide with technical or efficiency norms (Merton; 673, 1957). Merton firstly perceives a strain toward anomie in the relative lack of cultural emphasis on institutional norms, the established rules of the game as to say that regulate the legitimate means for obtaining success. Second, structural blockages that limit access to legitimate means for many members of society also contribute to anomic tendencies. Under such conditions, behaviour tends to be governed solely by considerations of expediency or effectiveness in obtaining the goal rather than by concern with whether or not the behaviour conforms to institutional norms (Merton; 675, 1957). Therefore people become defiant because they are blocked in their pursuit for success. Merton’s typology Merton presents an analytical typology, shown in the following table, of individual adaption’s to the discrepancy between culture and social structures. Mertons typology of individual adaptations to environmental pressures | Type of Adaptation | Cultural Goal | Institutionalized Means | I. Conformity | + | + | II. Innovation | + | –| III. Ritualism| –| + | IV. Retreatism | –| –| V. Rebellion | + | + | Note: + signifies acceptance, – signifies rejection, and + signifies rejection of prevailing goal or means and substitution of new goal or means. (Merton; 676; 1957).| These adaptations describe the kinds of social roles people adopt in response to cultural and structural pressures. Conformity, for instance, is a nondeviant adaptation where people continue to engage in legitimate occupational or educational roles despite environmental pressures toward deviant behavior. That is, the conformist accepts and strives for the cultural goal of material success (+) by following institutionalized means (+). Innovation, on the other hand, involves acceptance of the cultural goal (+) but rejection of legitimate, institutionalized means (-). Instead, the innovator moves into criminal or delinquent roles that employ illegitimate means to obtain economic success. Ritualism represents quite a different sort of departure from cultural standards than does innovation. The ritualist is an over conformist. Here, the pursuit of the dominant cultural goal of economic success is rejected or abandoned (-) and compulsive conformity to institutional norms (+) becomes an end in itself. Retreatism involves complete escape from the pressures and demands of organized society. Merton applies this adaptation to the deviant role â€Å"activities of psychotics, autists, pariahs, outcasts, vagrants, vagabonds, tramps, chronic drunkards, and drug addicts†. Rebellion, is indicated by different notation than the other adaptations. The two  ± signs show that the rebel not only rejects the goals and means of the established society but actively attempts to substitute new goals and means in their place. This adaptation refers, then, to the role behavior of political deviants, who attempt to modify greatly the existing structure of society. http://deviance.socprobs.net/Unit_3/Theory/Anomie.htm 2013-09-16 Social anomie in South Africa; racial differences in social anomie and whether the socio economic inequalities between races help to explain these differences; the possible relations between race, social inequality and anomie. Huschka and Mau’s point of departure is the same as I believe is that South Africa went through a lot during the apartheid and post apartheid regime that irrevocably resulted in anomie. Blacks (Indians, coloureds and Africans) had unequal opportunities as compared to the white man. Before 1994 South Africans had a sense of powerlessness, social conditions at the time deprived people of their freedom and limited their opportunities in the economy and in the workplace. Certain people of certain races could not trade in certain areas; certain people had to have work passes to be working in a certain area. After 1994,

Megan Essay Example for Free

Megan Essay WORKSHOP-Make-up You must write a 100 word essay. You need to choice one or two of the following to write about. It must be typed. It must be turned in by May 2, 2013 in order to get credit. 1. Why do you want to get a college education? 2. Pick an experience from your own life and explain how it has influenced your development. 3. Describe your most meaningful achievements and how they relate to your field of study and your future goals . 4. Why do you want to be a _______? 5. How would you describe yourself as a human being? What quality do you like best in yourself and what do you like least? What quality would you most like to see flourish and which would you like to see wither? 6. Describe examples of your leadership experience in which you significantly influenced others, helped resolve disputes, or contributed to group efforts over time. Consider responsibilities to initiatives taken in or out of school. 7. Describe any special interests and how you have developed knowledge in these areas. Give examples of your creativity – the ability to see alternatives; take diverse perspectives; come up with many, varied, or original ideas; or willingness to try new things. 8. Describe the most significant challenge you have faced and steps you have taken to address this challenge. Include whether you turned to anyone in facing the challenge, the role the person played, and what you learned about yourself. 9. Explain what you have done to make your community a better place to live. Give examples of specific projects in which you have been involved over time. 10. Articulate the goals you have established for yourself and your efforts to accomplish these. Give at least one specific example that demonstrates your work ethic/diligence

Thailand: Economic Growth Achievement and Challenges

Thailand: Economic Growth Achievement and Challenges Introduction Thailand is the second largest economy in South East Asia with the population 67.7 million people (CIA 2014). Thailand economies grew at 7 per cent or more for 25 years, in the period of 1960-1997 with no single recession. After big crash, Asian Financial Crises in 1997, Thailand successfully recovered by strong growth contributed by massive export and private consumption (Phongpaichit et.al 2012). Consequently, this growth can lead to increased income per capita of Thailand. As a result, World Bank (2011) changes the classification of Thailand as an upper-middle-income with GNI per capita US$4,210 in 2011. However, after progressing in many macroeconomics indicators and growing importance in Asia’s geopolitics, Thailand experienced a slowdown starting from 2008. The slowdown begins by Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 2008 affects in the export demand. Then, big flood in 2011 makes a lot of manufacture industries halt their production. Subsequently, political uncertainty makes Thailand experienced economic sluggish down from 7 per cent and stable in medium growth rate 3-4 per cent from 2008-2011 (Phongpaichit et.al 2012). The political unrest, has a direct impact on the tourism industry of Thailand, where the number of foreign visitors went down and impacted on decreasing 2 percentage points of GDP in 2010 (Time 2010). This trend of moderate growth is lower than its ASEAN counterparts like Malaysia, Vietnam and Indonesia as emerging economy that can grow more than 5 per cent. Furthermore, Thailand competitiveness also fallen from rank 28 in 2006 and now rank 38 among 148 countrie s in 2013-2014 (WEF 2013). To be brief, gloom in Thailand economy potentially can be in the long run if there is no change in pro-growth policies with current political volatility. The main culprit of recent decelerate of economic performance is Thailand political unrest. This wavering situation during 2006 to 2011 creates uncertainty, although they have long experience of political conflict during a century. This is because recent coups and power changing escalation is getting worse. According to World Competitiveness Report (WEF 2013) reveals four main problems in Thailand competitiveness is corruption, government instability/coup and policy instability and inefficient government bureaucracy. Other fundamental cause of decreasing trend is human capital quality cannot support dynamic economic demand and subsequently slowing the growth and potential problem in the future development. After long periods Thais society has a challenge of persistent inequality of educational opportunity. Besides, in demographic aspect Thailand society now become an ageing society with the change in population proportion (UNFPA 2006), which is older society is getting higher percentage and a fall in the proportion of productive population which they will work and pay the tax to running the economic activity. Based on UNFPA (2006) prediction, The proportion of senior citizen in total population will rise to 14.0 per cent in 2015, 19.8 per cent in 2025 and approximately 30 per cent by 2050. One most significant aspect that affects the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declining is because Thailand economy is highly impacted by external shock in large economies such as U.S and European Union. Thailand dependency on export demand from those countries make Thailand economy vulnerable in global shock. Now the government needs new ideas and vigorous innovation capacity to create broader market given the current dynamic global market competition. Key issue: Political uncertainty, inequality of income and education and new capacity for global competition. Options to accelerate growth Thailand current strategy with the philosophy of economy â€Å"Philosophy of Sufficiency Economy† is trying to establish the growth in modest rate (OECD 2013). With that philosophy and considering recent evidence of economic slowdown and political turmoil, Thailand policy-makers have to put some change in their initial policies and institutions towards getting â€Å"sufficient† and sustained growth. A lot of options (but inconclusive) of strategy are provided by consensus like Washington Consensus (cite), Beijing Consensus and Commission on Growth and Development (Commission). Some of the Commission recipes are suitable to Thailand’s situation. Commission (2008) encourages countries to focus on export promotion and industrial policy, ensuring equity and equality of opportunity and redistribution of government (to keep accountability), enhance regional development by encouraging unity not uniformity and leads to labour mobility. Next, countries should fight corruption through competition, feedback and evaluation. Additionally, economist that well known with his middle income trap phenomenon, Kharas and Kohli (2011), suggest that in the middle income countries (including Thailand) to elevate from their level by doing some steps. First, change from diversification to specialization in production. Second, transform from physical accumulation of factors to productivity-led gro wth. Third, from centralized to decentralized economic management. The Priority: Reform in increasing the equity and the quality of education In the case of Thailand, the reform to reducing inequality of access of good education is the most important reform that Royal Thailand Government should implement. This reform is important because three reasons. First, to create equality and improve the quality of education is in line with the Thailand’s vision. Seconds, reducing the gap and disparities are critical to reduce the political instability and break the binding constraint. Third, reform in education equality is a tool for laddering middle-income economy to higher income economy in industrial development towards export. Reform in education equity policy is in line with the vision of Thailand as â€Å"A happy society with equity, fairness and resilience† as narrated in the Thailand’s eleventh Medium Term Plan. Since is well planned by the government, there is no problem in the budget. Education budget is nearly USD 14.7 billion in 2012 that constituted 4 per cent of its GDP in 2011. This number is greater than high income countries in ASEAN like Singapore’s that only 3.2 per cent of its GDP. With such huge figure Thailand doing good performance in school enrolment of every level. Surprisingly, the tertiary education rate is the highest in ASEAN (OECD 2013). However, these decent gross enrolment rate only enjoyed by the youth live in capital, Bangkok. Students who are living in remote and poor region cannot access education facility because the cost of transportation and other non-tuition cost. Thus, the gap between the grades of students from rural and urban areas is far too wide . Another issue is inequality between private and public schools make no incentive for the private sector to provide services in education. OECD estimation shows that cost of schooling in private school is two and half of public sector (OECD, 2013). In creating political stability narrowing the gap between rich and poor in access for education and health are prerequisites. In Thailand context, OECD (2013) reports that the north-eastern region is the area with highest poverty incidence while the central region and Bangkok are the lowest, two poles of political power this day that keep escalating the unrest. This binding constraint among inequality-political unrest-economic slowdown should be broken. Rodrik (1998) finds in his research in how multiple countries suffer severe after 1975 had divided societies and weak conflict-management institutions. Reform in more advance education is required for diversify new domestic demand and new export demands. Advance education also important engines for middle income countries to transform their economy toward service sectors. Based on recent sources of Thailand’s export data shows that real contribution of goods export is 57 per cent compare to service 12 per cent (World Bank 2011) with machinery/electrical, rubber, and transportation as leading commodities (OECD 2013). With those leading commodities Thailand need to diversify into other commodities to get new market. Eichengreen et.al (2013) find that country with high level of participation in secondary and tertiary education has less likely face slowdowns. Similarly, countries with high-technology products have a relative bigger contribution in exports is less vulnerable trapped in economic slow-moving. Study from OECD (2013) reveals that the education index have positive influence in variables that promoting growth like: tota l factor productivity, high-technology exports and competitive industrial performance (CIP). How to realizing this education equalization reform? At first, Royal Thailand government should manage education accountability. Accountability is a key in for the first step in the mission in narrowing education gap. Thailand requires improving and sustaining an effective education system that can be monitored and evaluated. Tangkitvanich (2013) an expert at the Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI), asserts there is an inefficiency of education budget into highly spend teacher salaries post that is not translated into improvement in teacher’s performance. This lost can be consequences in equality of opportunity into society. The next stage is directing education in the more skill-mismatch, coherence with agricultural and Industrial Policy. Bhaopichitr (in Parpart 2013), senior economist at the World Bank, argues that Thailand have two problems in education system. First, now Thailand faces shortage of highly skilled workers. Second, the problems in allocation when high skilled labour put in the wrong position. In the Thailand current circumstances, it may be tempting to focus the policy into short-run return. However to maintain focus policy to enhance growth in is better pay-off when calculating long-run political stability and strong human capital as a foundation of growth. Policies that Thais government can do is to encourage upward mobility from the bottom society, i.e poor, in northern and southern regions, invest in regional education development to make sure every citizen get the good quality of education. These reforms should be attached with is coupled reforms in school governance and incentives to promote accountability. This step more likely includes with better social safety net programs. Royal Thailand government need to make sure their investment in education equity is a sound policy reform that transforms the expectations and aspirations of every citizen in Thailand. References CIA 2014, The world factbook, Viewed: 17 August 2014.  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/th.html>. Eichengreen, B, Park, D, and Shin, K 2013, Growth slowdowns redux: new evidence on the middle-income trap, NBER Working Paper No. 18673. Kharas, H and Kohli, H 2011, What is the middle income trap, why do countries fall into it, and how can it be avoided, Global Journal of Emerging Market Economies 2011 3: 281, Viewed: 16 August 2014, http://eme.sagepub.com/content/3/3/281>. OECD 2013, Structural policy country notes, Viewed: 16 August 2014, http://www.oecd.org/dev/asia-pacific/Thailand.pdf>. Parpart, E 2013,’Economists share views on Thailands biggest problems’, Viewed: 16 August 2014, http://www.nationmultimedia.com/business/Economists-share-views-on-Thailands-biggest-proble-30220283.html>. Phongpaichit et.al 2012, Looked in the middle income trap: Thailand’s economy between resilience and future challenges, Friederich Ebert Stiftung. Rodrik, D 1998, Where did all the growth go? External shocks, social conflict, and growth collapses, Viewed: 15 August 2014. http://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/ research/d.rodrik_jeg_where.did.all.the.growth.go.pdf>. Tangkitvanich, S 2013, ‘Teach Thais to think’, Viewed: 15 August 2014. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/09/17/teach-thais-to-think/>. The Commission on Growth and Development 2008, The growth report: Strategies for sustained growth and inclusive development, Washington D.C, World Bank Publications. Time 2010, ‘Thailand tourism devastated by political unrest’, Viewed: 17 August 2014, http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1982555,00.html> UNFPA 2006, Population ageing in Thailand: Prognosis and policy response,Viewed: 17 August 2014. http://thailand.unfpa.org/documents/thai_ageing_englishversion.pdf>. WEF 2013, Global competitiveness report, Viewed: 17 August 2014,  http://www3.weforum.org/docs/ WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2013-14.pdf>. World Bank 2011, Thailand economic monitor, Bangkok, World Bank. World Bank 2011, ‘Thailand now an upper middle income economy’, Viewed: 15 August 2014. http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2011/08/02/thailand-now-upper-middle-income-economy >.

The Great Gatsby Movie Review :: essays research papers

The 1974 adaptation of the critically acclaimed novel the Great Gatsby is directed by Jack Clayton and screenwriten by Francis Ford Coppola, with Robert and Mia Farrow as leads. The two actors give excellent performances, and certainly portray the beautiful people they are made out to be in the book. One scene in particular that reflected that Redford was was chosen for this part was when the Nick and Gatsby are in suits and Nick is perspiring in is utterly unsuitable manner of dress for the weather, while Gatsby remains cool as usual, not shedding a drop of sweat. In addition Mia Farrow develops Daisy's flighty character nicely, and she makes you love her but hate her at the same time very well. Another aspect of the film I found impeccable was the scenery, which centres on the lives of America’s decadent and spoiled. The scenery presents the idea that they have money than they need and they can do whatever they want whenever they want. Their scenery is a recreation of European historical grandeur, a fact that the film is keen to demonstrate. Symbolism in the movie was also awesome, I really appreciated how the director added a few twists of his own which I will come to shortly. Particularly memorable is the scene where Daisy weeps over Gatsby's shirts. Is she really weeping for their beauty ? This was really well done and hampered enough to make the viewers believe that someone could actually be so superficial. Also kudos to the director on the scene when the film visits the miserable gas-station home of Tom Buchanan's lover, Myrtle. Here the colour drains from the film, serving as a sharp contrast to the rainbow spectrum of the rich’s world, where money reflects carelessness and happiness. Also recall that owning a dog seems to be the ultimate fashion accessory of the time. The film has dogs running everywhere, a reflection I'm sure on their owners. But see if you can glimpse the scruffy mongrel that steals food from a table at one of Gatsby's parties. Is this a reflection of how Gatsby got his fortune as suggest ed that he came upon it just like how the dog came across the food on the table. This was one metaphor I didn’t catch in the book and I credit to Francis Ford Coppola the screenwriter. Also the Clayton/ Coppola team portray the spectacles of T.

Stress Essay -- essays research papers

In years past, careers were milestones, which demonstrated successful accomplishments within our lives. Men utilized their careers to stake claim in society; a way to categorize their family’s worth. â€Å"Honey, I’ll be working late tonight† sometimes signified that the â€Å"gang† would have a long evening of crunching numbers, entertaining clients, or even smoking cigars with the boss while talking shop. If life went according to plan, and you chose the perfect career, the worst part of your workday would be choosing the best tie to match your navy pinstripe suit. Well, things have certainly changed. Careers are no longer guaranteed based on who-ya-know concepts. Today, young men and women both prepare frantically in high school to have the best grades and make the right contacts to ensure that once they graduate, they are accepted in a top-notch colleges, in hopes to transition into the perfect career. Little do they know, that because of the changing times, high demands, advancement in technology, liberal concepts, unethical business practices, etc., careers are no longer work filled bliss and may cause a great deal of work-related stress. When you accept a position for employment, one of your last thoughts is â€Å"gee, I wonder if the work environment here causes a great amount of stress.† Of course, if you are a day trader or a high risk emergency room doctor, you have some idea that your position within the organization will in fact be demanding and have a level of stress that is greater than other careers. But, if you are a bank teller, college professor, or a bus driver, work-related stress may not be a deciding factor when one accepts a new job. There are various definitions defining the word stress. Stress is â€Å"a state of extreme difficulty, pressure, or strain,† as defined by the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Author Unknown, 2002). Stress can also be comically defined as, â€Å"the confusion created when one’s mind overrides the body’s basic desire to choke the hell out of someone who desperately deserves it† (Author Unknown). Though both definitions accurately describe stress, Robert N. Lussier, author of Human Relations in Organizations, defines stress as â€Å"an emotion and/or physical reaction to environmental activities and events† (Lussier, 2005). When defining work-related stress however, emotional or physical relations that occur are ... ...y and exercise. Exercise produces endorphins, which help make you more upbeat and cheerful. â€Å"Think positive† (Lussier, 2005). It is ok to admit when you are at fault. But, once you do, learn from it, get over it, and move on. There are many ways to detect and treat stress. These are only a few that may be used as a preventative measure. Of all the suggestions listed, the most important is to relax. The old saying goes â€Å"take one day at a time.† Once you have made the accomplishment to get that great job, see it as an opportunity and not a stress filled threat. References Armour, S. (2002, May 16). Employees seek worker’ comp for on-the-job stress. USA Today, News, 01a. Author Unknown (2005, January 27). Management standards for work-related stress.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  January 31, 2005, from http://www.hse.gov.uk.stress/standards/index.htm Author Unknown (2002). Dictionary.com The american heritage ® dictionary of the english language, fourth edition. January 31, 2005, from http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=stress Lussier, R.N. (2005). Human relations in organizations: applications and skill-building 6th edition. (pp. 45 – 50). New York, NY: McGraw Hill

Creating an Interactive Web Site with CGI Essay -- HTML Web Page Creat

Creating an Interactive Web Site with CGI Introduction The Internet explosion of the 1990’s has been one of the most revolutionizing business factors of the decade. The Internet allows individuals and businesses to reach each other more effectively at an increasingly lower cost. However, the most effective method of interaction is two-way interaction. This applies whether the interaction is between two people, a person and a business or two businesses. Basic HTML web pages allow for easy one way interaction. It also allows people to send e-mail back and forth. More effective web pages allow for immediate two-way interaction. These pages can gather survey data, create shopping carts, check credit ratings or even simply have visitors sign a guest book. Interactive web sites definitely have advantages over their less advanced cousins. Common Gateway Interface (CGI) provides one of the more common formats for designing an interactive site. This paper will address some of the concepts behind creating an interactive web site with CGI. It will proceed by considering the following points: 1. Background 2. Creating forms Background Before explaining how CGI works, it is helpful to gain an overall perspective of how the internet itself functions in connection with the end user. Bruce Gronich of BigNoseBird.com provides a good analogy that will be used throughout this paper. He compares the end user’s browser to a rat searching for food. The garbage can doles out the food when the rat requests it. The garbage can is the server. So, the browser requests information from the server, and the server in return doles out the information that is requested. The server uses differe... ...lt;INPUT TYPE="reset" value=" Clear-Form"> <INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" NAME="FORM_NAME" VALUE="THE TEST FORM"> <INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" NAME="MAIL_TO" VALUE="person@to-get.mail.com"> </PRE> </FORM> Conclusion This paper has been primarily about some of the HTML codes required to put together an interactive web site. It has reviewed how the internet works and how to assemble a form on a browser. The paper has also addressed how the information needs to be formatted so that it can be successfully passed to a cgi script for further processing. Acknowledgements The primary source used in this paper was the web site www.bignosebird.com The web site www.icthus.net/CGI-city/ was also helpful. Finally, the textbook Frontiers of Electronic Commerce provided some information as well.

Effects of Smoking Cigarettes

tJonathan Manning ENG 103 Professor Brookins October 10, 2012 Effects of Smoking Cigarettes In this life many addictions or temptations can jump their way into the paths of many people. For example, some people get addicted to drugs, alcohol, and also money. Staying away from these day to day temptations is tough but is crucial to having a healthy lifestyle. Being a little more specific, people can get addicted to smoking cigarettes. Cigarettes contain nicotine, which is what people get addicted to and makes them want to have more. Smoking cigarettes can take a huge toll on someone’s life.People who smoke cigarettes have no idea how harmful it can be towards their life. It may not be known, but smoking can also lead to more than diseases, it could even lead to death. Cigarette smoking can affect a person’s life physically, financially, and socially. First of all, smoking cigarettes definitely has an affect on a person’s body as a whole. Also, many sicknesses or d iseases can result from smoking such as bronchitis, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, stomach cancer, bladder and kidney cancer, leukemia, cervical cancer, pancreatic cancer, etc.Also, by smoking a person is causing damage to their lungs, which will make it harder for them to breathe in the future, maybe even leading to live on the support of oxygen. They do not realize every time they bring that cigarette up to their mouth and smoke it, they are basically breathing in cancer and just throwing their lives away. Also, smoking can mess up a person’s physical appearance such as their teeth turning yellow, and also always having smoky breath, and smoky clothes, etc. People that smoke are so addicted that they become blind to what they are doing to their bodies and most importantly, to their health.Secondly, the addiction of smoking cigarettes can take a financial toll on a person, maybe a toll that takes control over their spending budget. Cigarettes are not cheap in today’s economy; the prices of cigarettes vary in price, but can and will eventually put people into bankruptcy. If someone were to by one pack of cigarettes every single day, the money yearly would add up to thousands and thousands of dollars. Finally, smoking can also cause damage to others and a person’s social life. Second hand smoke is a common disease that is affecting people’s lives today.Second hand smoke is when a non-smoking person inhales the pollution of a smoking person, taking in, unintentionally, the same fumes of nicotine and other toxic chemicals as the person actually smoking. Also, sometimes non-smokers reject smokers because they do not want to get affected by second hand smoke. From being rejected, smokers will end up friendless, stuck buying and smoking cigarettes, and maybe even stuck in depression. Getting out of depression is not an easy thing to do, it might even get a person think ing of committing suicide because they cannot keep smoking and throwing their life away.In conclusion, smoking cigarettes can harm a person in several different ways. A person’s physical life, financial life, and social life can all be affected by cigarette smoking. Another effect that smoking can cause to people is a mental disability. With so much toxic acid going into the bloodstream, which enters throughout the body and the mind, people could end up mentally ill. It is hard to grasp why people can still smoke even though they know the effects that are possible to come into play.

Genetically modified food Essay

The medieval score of social classs has witnessed the astonishing gyration in the scope of plant action tech no.prenominal)ogies. The biological technologies confirm regularly been employ to create untried gene combinations for progressing wander diversities. This intentionally modify by the manipulation of the DNA, and transformation of certain genes to create new variations of life, which called genetically special (GM) fodder. There is at once close to debate about whether to buy up GM fodder. The dis rewards of GM aliment be labelling give away and transformation of certain genes exp int lead to surroundingsal issues. Nevertheless, in that location be to a fault a number of essential advantages such as farmers could rectify their sparing benefits and GM intellectual nourishment could improve the commissariatal feature to foreclose disease. Therefore, this essay ordain argue that GM solid nourishment for thought has evident benefits to the society beca part it stern improve economical benefits by transaction and decrease allergenic.GM solid intellectual nourishment has roughly prejudicious consequences for society. The important adverse effect is that GM food whitethorn has mandatory labelling scheme issues. inquiry has shown that near manufacturers realize that implement a mandatory labelling scheme could cost a fortune (Steiner 2000, p. 158 Uzogara 2000, p. 188). Moreover, labelling of GM food could prompt consumer these products be biotech, and this could lead to customer losings (Uzogara 2000, p. 188). Then, the concept of mandatory labelling scheme for GM food in some countries is hesitation (Steiner 2000, p. 158). For example, manufacturers use misleading and confusing labelling to patchwork the consumer such as may intercept genetically modified material (Steiner 2000, p. 158). Indeed, labelling issue for GM food is extremely laborious to implement in some countries, governments may promulgate a serie s of sparing to implementation.Secondly, transformation of new DNA engine room used to create GM food that has environmental risks. This involves milkweed butterfly butterfly premature death and threatens beneficial insects, which would seriously destroy the balance of the ecosystem. Some species are measly from premature death after insects provide by GM rolls, and also this competency result in difficulty in re ware such as monarch butterfly and green lacewing insects (Steiner 2000, p. 153). Furthermore, Lemaux (2009, p. 528) has describe an experiment, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in genetically engineered (GE) lemon yellow pollen could lead to colony collapse throw out of kilter thataccelerate the bees decline. It rear end be seen thence that mandatory labelling scheme issue and environmental threats could give rise to some negative aspects for GM food.If one looks closely at the literature on this topic, nevertheless, there are a number of signififannyt advantage points to GM food. One of these is that GM food could improve farmers economic benefits. According to Uzogara (2000, p. 193), GM food could be converted from annuals to perennials that would append crop permits during the year. Perennial crops would lead to increase labor allocation, discreditd labor costs, decrease fertilizer use and cost of production for farmers to actualize more economic cyberspace (Uzogara 2000, pp. 193-194). For example, according to USDA surveys from 2001 to 2003, 79% of US farmers who choose Bt corn to increase yields (Lemaux 2009, p. 536). He also states that the Zaragoza region is one of the trine leading GE corn-growing regions in Spanish and has at least 11.8% yield increase. Indeed, the advantageousness of farmers growth is approximately $69 per acre per year higher than formal farmers (Lemaux 2009, p. 536).Especially, farmers in ontogeny countries realized the most signifi squirtt economic benefits from GM rice because large-scale farmers ke ep back higher yields and less infestation (Lemaux 2009, p. 536). This certify shows that GF food farming is a potentially high profit margin business, and profitability often depends on factors relating to crop yield and pest infestation. Thus, GM food could permute the status quo to achieve the highest profitability for farmers. ally to this is the get on advantage of GM food which could improve nutritional food quality. This involves nutritional content and health-enhancing properties of particular foods that might clobber malnutrition and population health problems in ontogeny countries. Uzogara (2000, p. 194) states that GM crops would military service the population to stretchiness their daily based requirements and prevent malnutrition.For example, manioc has been genetically modified to have a higher nutrient value (Anon cited in Uzogara 2000, p. 194). Furthermore, the nutritionally enhanced crops like iron, vitamin A and Beta-carotene dense rice could help shut up malnutrition (Bouis 2007, pp. 80-83). For instance, according to research, approximately three meg preschool children in developing countries are injury from vitamin A deficiency that could lead to gross eye damage,however, GM rice can increase vitamin A and iron which could prevent blindness (Bouis 2007, pp. 82-86 Ferber cited in Uzogara 2000, p. 194). It is clear that farmers could understand significant economic benefits through GM food because it would increase the yield and reduce labor costs, and nutritionally enhanced crops could help the population to prevent disease or malnutrition.Consequently, although GM food as one kind of biological technologie can have some negative outcomes for labelling and environment issues, GM food arguably has more affirmatory effects. The effect of spheric trading that is a significant benefit to improve economy. The ground forces is the dominant exporter of both GM soja beans and GM edible corn, which are account for 76% of GM gamb oge and 50% of GM soybeans exports (Nielsen et al. 2003, p. 780). He also claims that high-income Asia is the main importer of GM maize and GM soybeans that are 41% and 30% respectively. Moreover, Nabradi & Popp (2011, p. 8) report that GM crops account for a great proportion from global trading that providing significant export profits for umpteen countries. For example, The United States, Argentina and Brazil are the homos three largest GM soybean and GM maize exporters with preceding(prenominal) 90% and 80% share of world soybean and maize trade (Nabradi & Popp 2011, pp. 9-10).Similarly, the multitude of global soybean trade increase from 85.4 to 87.9 jillion tonnes from 2009 to 2011, and the volume of global maize trade increased from 86 to 88.5 million tonnes in three years (Nabradi & Popp 2011, p. 10). They also indicate that China has significant soybean importing volume that from 46 to 49 million tonnes during three years. Further to this, eliminating allergens as a res ult of GM food has been one of the prominent concerns among food quality and human health. Allergenic foods usually discipline multiple allergens, such as milk, soy, peanut, crustaceans, fish, globe and tree nuts. According to Herman (2003, p. 1318), using GM to remove intrinsic allergens from soybeans that present in thousands of processed and prepared foods in unquestionable and developing countries. He also claims that forfend allergens from GM soybeans that has high relationship to the cultivation of GM crops, and transgenic soybeans is a first tempo in solving food allergies (Herman 2003, p. 1319).Otherwise, the election GM method to remove the allergen from food, for instance, some experiments to use gene suppression technologyattempts to reduce and/or turn away allergens in rye and rice seed, and even use this measure to suppress an allergen in pewit that is potentially dangerous to sensitive mickle (Herman 2003, p. 1319). Plausibly, GM food may eliminate allergen from all of food that would help pack to stay away from food allergies. Although some argue that GM food may has some negative impacts to mandatory labelling scheme, there is considerable labelling of GM food still has positive impacts on consumer and manufacturers. Uzogara (2000, p. 188) claims that labelling for GM food would enable the consumer to avoid ethical, cultural, or sacred reasons by certain foods.For example, Jews and Muslims usually maintain on Kosher and Halal foods because the chastity of this food can be guaranteed, which not contain pig genes (Uzogara 2000, p. 187). He further maintains that product quality can be improved by labelling, for instance, improved favour, lengthy shelf-life, and build brand identity. Similarly, according to global Labelling Directive, labelling for GM food that means this can be guaranteed by European regulation, and consumer can trust the information on the products (Andersen 2010, p. 139). Furthermore, term some authors claim t hat GM food has negative impacts on environment, Uzogara (2000, p. 195) indicates that GM food has still environmental benefits include fortress against plant diseases, improvement of saline soil, and herbicide tolerance.GM food like tomatoes, crunch and corn become virus insubordinate that against GM food destroying viruses or viral diseases (Uzogara 2000, p. 195). According to Bouis (2007, p. 80), GM crops can improve soil conditioning that is changing extremely saline soils. Then, herbicides are effective against several(prenominal) target weeds also cuts conventional herbicide use significantly (Uzogara 2000, p. 195). trance discussing GM food may has some negative impacts to mandatory labelling scheme and environment issues, the considerable positive consequences to improve global trading and remove intrinsic allergens can never be neglected.In conclusion, GM food clearly has advantages on economy and human health. While GM food lead to the mandatory labelling scheme tou ghened to implement and has threats to the environment, success in the tagged GM food let some consumer more easier to choose food and make the crops stronger to against different threats. Furthermore, GM foodReferencesAndersen, LB 2010, The EU rules on labelling of genetically modified foods mission accomplished?, European food & Feed Law come off, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 136-143, viewed 8 November 2014.Bouis, HE 2007, The potential of genetically modified food crops to improve human nutrition in developing countries, Journal of evolution Studies, vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 79-96, viewed 28 October 2014.Herman, EM 2003, genetically modified soybeans and food allergies, Journal Of data-based Botany, vol. 54, no. 386, pp. 1317-1319, viewed 12 November 2014.Lemaux, PG 2009, Genetically engineered plants and foods a scientists analysis of the issues (Part II), Annual Review Of Plant Biology, vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 511-559, viewed 11 November 2014.Nabradi, A & Popp, J 2011, Economics of GM crop cu ltivation, APSTRACT Applied Studies in husbandry and Commerce, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 07-19, viewed 10 November 2014.Steiner, MP 2000, sustenance flight the changing landscape of genetically modified foods and the law, Review Of European Community & International Environmental Law, vol. 9, no. 2, p. 152-160, viewed 11 November 2014.Uzogara, SG 2000, The impact of genetic revision of human foods in the 21st speed of light A review, Biotechnology Advances, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 179-206, viewed 3 November 2014.

Islamic Architecture

Structuralisms Architecture Moslem architecture encompasses a wide range of both blue and spiritual styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of constructions and structures in Islamic culture. What is Islam? * The name of the religion is Islam, which comes from an Arabic pedestal word meaning peace and submission. * Islam teaches that one tail end only find peace in ones manners by submitting to Almighty God (Allah) in nub, consciousness and deed. * The same Arabic root word gives us Salaam Alaskan, (Peace be with you), the universal Moslem reediting.Geographical * The Moslem faith flourished in the countries of Southern Asia and labor union Africa. * Other important communities include Zanzibar, Madagascar and China. * In the twentieth century mobility, Islam was brought throughout the world as outlying(prenominal) as Sydney and South shields. * The spread of Islam has been frequently associated with armed services conquest, racial movements and in some cases with the consequent break of established populations. * The most important were the Arab expansion northward and atomic number 74s out of the Arabian peninsula, and the drive of the Turkish ND Mongol groups South, Southeast and Southwest of primaeval Asia.The Islamic world Geological * The countries into which Islam first grow were already rich in building usance and the important techniques of exploitation of natural resources for building dress and trade in building materials had long been established. * Brick do and pipes walling was almost universal in the alluvial plains * temperature reduction effect of structures with very heavy walls and high suite has been widely exploited. * Unprotected circulation atomic number 18 jet. History * A. D. 622 the year of the Hegira, when Mohammed moved from Mecca to Medina.Immediately after his death in 632 the conjunctive efforts of the Arabian Tibet carried death as conquerors into Central Asia and westward towards the Atlantic. Social * The Arab group which were the spearhead of advanced Islam ,were basically tribal, and in consequence the behavior patterns and attributes of emergent Islamic societies were based on traditions of the desert. * Public life was uncommunicative for men. * Women play a secondary role, to be plane section of the kinhold the harem. In public, she is protected by the namelessness of the veil. * Equality was only granted to theAromatic groups. * peoples of the book -Jews and Christians * emancipation of idolization and interval government. Religious * Islam is the last of the triad great religions of the middle east. * Its essence is contained in a simple sentence, which is both the profession of faith and the creed of its adherents * There is only one God and his illusionist Mohammed. * Philosophy of life and government. * The Koran is regarded as the revealing through the medium of the prophet Mohammed. * The Width is the accrual of his sayings or injunctions and is of lesser weight.The law is extracted from the prophets instructions, from tradition and sample. * An credence of the transitory nature of earthly life individual(prenominal) humility an abhorrence of images worship. * The important architectural campaign is normally expended on buildings having a direct friendly or community blueprint, including worships that decorations tends toward the abstract, using geometric, calligraphic and whole works motifs , with a preference for a uniform bowl of decoration rather than a focal gene and that a basic conservatism discouraged innovations and prefer established formsTerminologies * Massed (Persia, India) mosque or a place of worship. * lot mosque, principal place of worship, or use of the building for Friday entreatys * Messed (Turkey) small * Salami mens or prayer house * Madras (Egypt) * Menders (Turkey) religious college and mosque. * Sara Sera palace Building Components * Miramar niche orientated towards Mecca * Member raised platform for ceremonial announcements open-fronted burial vault facing on to a court * ABA doorway * Sans courtyard of a mosque * Minaret tower from which call to prayer was made.Harem womens or private quarters of a house or palace quests quarters * Kibble Kibble axis oriented towards Mecca * piffle (India) kiosk Personnel * muezzin caller who summon the faithful to prayer * Imam man who leads the sheep pen at prayer * wan Ivan (Persia) * Caliph replenishment to the prophet as military, Judicial and spiritual attracter of Islam Architectural Character * Majority of Islamic buildings are fundamentally related to a principal axis. This axis is frequently extended into a formal embellish which is integral part of the sign. The prime axis was the kibble, the habitual concept was derived from the line of balance and symmetry underlying in the concept of perfect creation, as seen in gardens and buildings. * Islamic architecture is relate upon God. At its heart is the Mosque and inward looking building whose prime purpose is contemplation and prayer. * Mosque may serve as a school, transactions may be made on that point and storage for treasures. * Minaret a tower from whose top the Muezzin gave the call to prayer. * Miramar a niche where the leader of the throng (the Imam) sakes his prayers. Menders/Madras college * Han/Caravanserais the hostel * The courtyard the sides were punctuated with gateways, prayer chambers, or bowleg porches wants. Architecture Forms and Styles of Mosques and buildings in Muslim countries Forms Many forms of Islamic architecture have evolved in different regions of the Islamic world. These mosques are square or rectangular in plan with an enclosed courtyard and a cover prayer hall. Sheehan The traditional Islamic courtyard, a Sheehan in Arabic, is found in secular and religious structures.When at heart a accidence or other secular building is a p rivate courtyard and walled garden. A Sheehan courtyard is in within almost every mosque in Islamic architecture. The courtyards are open to the switch and surrounded on all sides by structures with halls and rooms, and a lot a shaded semi-open arcade. Arabesque An element of Islamic art usually found decorating the walls and window screens of mosques and Muslim homes and buildings, the arabesque is an elaborate industry of repeating geometric forms that often echo the forms of plants, shapes and sometimes animals (specifically birds).Calligraphy is associated with geometric Islamic art (the Arabesque) on the walls and ceilings of mosques. contemporaneous artists in the Islamic world draw on the heritage of calligraphy to use calligraphic inscriptions or abstractions in their work. Examples Mosque A Muslim house of worship Minaret A tall tower in, or invariable to a mosque arch stairs leading up to one or more balconies from which the faithful are called to prayer. Kiosk a small pavilion, usually open, reinforced in gardens and parks Pointed arch a two- and four- centered and generally constructed a true arch, Hough corbelled examples were common in India.